The most important theory of globalization is perhaps 'uneven development' where capital is stored in rich capitalist countries, and the pre-capitalist or developing word is then used as a natural resource for the capitalist countries. This creates a new form of colonialism. This theory is developed in the book "Uneven Development; Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space" by Neil Smith.

The concept of 'sustainable development' came from the United Nations and originally had nothing to do with climate change, but rather to fix the problems of uneven development. Uneven development creates world poverty, war, and environmental problems. I'm surprised it isn't discussed more today.