I think you left out the vast body of Marxist Postcolonial Theory. It explains a new form of colonialism through the distribution of capital. This theory is called 'Uneven Development' and states that rich countries store capital, while exploiting natural resources and labor of poor pre-capitalist countries.

I'm currently reading "Uneven Development" by Neil Smith. David Harvey the Marxist geographer has based his career on this theory.

It is a good way to understand why colonialism never went away, and why we still have First World and Third World countries. It really helps in understanding world geopolitics.