I think it is impossible to discuss the relationship with the person and the state in Greek philosophy without a clear understanding of Greek political theory. To the Greeks and Romans citizenship was an obligation, not a right. Much like you have an obligation to family members, you have an obligation to the state.

Today, based on Enlightenment political theory, people are granted 'rights' by the state, and have no responsibilities other than to obey its laws. This theory is breaking down, as the idea of 'rights' gets more and more abstract. Do non-citizens have rights under the state? Does 'Nature' have rights? Do corporations have rights?

Plato's Republic is undecipherable without this basic understanding.