Good article, but...

When thinking about transportation in cities one must keep in mind what I call the 'center-periphery' phenomena. Capital is centered in the city center, and non-capitalist functions are pushed to the periphery. For example, suburban sprawl is created as housing in the city becomes too expensive and is pushed out to the periphery. The more transportation that is built, the more it encourages 'center-periphery' phenomena and sprawl. Almost all transportation solutions revolve around creating more transportation in city centers, thus encouraging the 'center-periphery' phenomena.

I talk about this breifly here: https://jaime-roberts.medium.com/in-an-age-of-climate-change-should-we-build-skyscrapers-c129cb5a0716

To fix this problem we need to eliminate zoning and separating functional areas in urban environments, and building transportation to link them.

As an architect I think of transportation like hallways in a house. If you properly layout the rooms in a house you don't need hallways. Hallways only occur if you separate out functional areas, and don't flow one function into another. Modern American architecture has been about flowing one space into another without the need for hallways. Urban planners need to learn this lesson and create cities that don't need transportation, as functional areas flow in city design. This will eliminate urban sprawl and the 'center-periphery' phenomena of cities.

Thus the most 'sustainable' approach to transportation is simply not to build it, and instead focus on building multifunctional spaces in cities.